Some Notes

Present Simple - I read
Past Simple - I read
Future - I will read
Present Perfect - I have read
Past Perfect - I had read
Future Perfect - I will have read
Present progressive - I am reading
Past progressive - I was reading
going to - I am going to read

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5 Style in English
1. Formal - for writing - Yes
2. Informal - for conversation - OK
3. Slang - bad English - Yeah, yep!
4. Expressions - fun words - Yes
5. New York Style - chic words - Right :)

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How was your day so far?
So far, so good. OR My day has been good so far.
What is your opinion about the weather?
I think the weather is nice (rainy, windy, cloudy, sunny...) today.

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Noun - chair
Pronoun - we
Verb - read
Adjective - beautiful (He is a fast driver.)
Adverb - slowly (He drives fast.)
Preposition - of
Conjunction - therefore
Interjection - wow!

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4 kinds of sentences
1. Simple sentences - gives one idea or fact, detail.
I think today is Monday.
2. Compound sentences - gives two ideas or facts, details.
I think today is Monday, and tomorrow is Tuesday.
3. Complex sentences - gives one complete idea, and one incomplete idea.
I was late today, because the subway was late.
4. Compound - Complex sentences - givens two complete ideas and one incomplete.
I think today is Monday, and tomorrow is Tuesday; however I like Friday.

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and - two
but - contrary
also - in addition to
when - time
because - reason
if - conditional
however - as a result
therefore - as a result
since - before
as - before
or - one
nor - none
Compound sentences - and, or, nor
Complex sentences - "the others"
However, therefore open the new paragraph. In addition to, furthermore are used proceding paragraph.

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1. linking verb - look, taste, hear, see, smell
The apple tastes sour.
2. state of being verb - "be" "have/has" (Posses or there is no action.)
I have a dog.

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I don't like to read repetitive, it is not inconsequential.
It doesn't have sense of humor.
However, some people are addicted to read this kind of book.
For me, it is not riveting, it is unappealing.

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Are you kidding? I kid you not.
I am a technical buff.
Do you have snafu today?
I was vague about Darwin's age.
You are a just wall flower.
He is hitting the nail on the head. (He is absolutely right.)
I put myself over the top. ( I got carried away.)
I'd better knock it off. (I'd better stop it.)
You are getting on my nerve. (You are running out of patient here.)
lazy (too strong) - relaxing person
At the time, the company officials could not have known that the chemicals would have terrible effects many years later.
Workers at the company should not have poured the chemicals into the ground, but they did.
I am under the weather today. (figurative)
The earth is under the weather. (literature)
I am trying to keep my head about above the water in this terrible economic situation. (figurative)
While swimming, I was trying to keep my head above the water. (literature)
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3 moods
1. Indicative - a statement or a question
2. Imperative - Listen to me.
3. Subjunctive - a wish or a dream (use "were") I wish I were a millionaire.

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1. What do you call air in our lungs?
I call air in my lungs like (is) breath.
2. What is the another way tosay "not here"?
Another way to say "not here" is "there" or "over there".
3. What's another word for "belive" ?
Another word for "believe" is "think".
4. How else can we say "nevertheless"?
We can say "nevertheless" means "though".
5. Which is it if it's not "that"?
If it is not "that", it is (must be) "this".
6. What's another word for "object"?
Another word for objects is "things".
7. What's the name of our planet?
The name of our planet is "the earth".
8. How else can we say "I appreciate it"?
We can say "I appreciate" means "thanks".

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crew - in plane, in ship
staff - in company , factory
customer - store, restaurant
client - lawyer
award - prize
reward - in return of something
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Who is the message for? The message is for him.
If it is not flexibility, what is it? It must be solidness.
How do yo do? How do yo do?
Guess who I had dinner with last night? You must have had dinner with your girlfriend.
Guess who I saw today? I guess you saw Michael Jackson today.
What is another word for "debate"? Another word for "debate" is "discussion".
Can you do me a favor, please? Yes, I can do you a favor.
What is your favorite planet? My favorite planet is the earth.

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Give to the world the best you have, and the best will come back to you.
What goes around, comes around.

Do you agree or disagree?

1. The best way to travel is in a group with a tour guide.
(Do you agree or disagree with that? In small group, use specifik reasons and examples to explain your opinion.)
2. Some universities require students to take classes in many subject. Other universities require students to specialize in one subject.
In your opinion, which is better? And why?
(In our circle of friends, use specific reasons and examples to explain your opinion.)
3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? And why?
"Children should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school.
4."Boys and girls should attend separate schools." (In your circle of friends, use specific reason and examples to support your opinion.)
5. "Most experiences in our lives that seem difficult at the time, become valuable lesson for the future."
6. "Parents should make all important decisions for their older (fifteen to eighteen years) teenage children."
7. In your opinion, should cities preserve their old historic buildings, or destroy them, and replace them with modern building?
8. Do you aggre or disagree that classmate are more important influence that parents on child's success in school?
9. What do you want most in a friend - someone who is intelligent, someone who is reliable, or someone who has a sense of humor? Which one of these characteristic is the most important to you? (Use specific reasons and examples to explain your choice.)
10. Which would you choose - a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and friends or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with family and friends?
11. In your opinion, have computers made life easier and more convenient, or have computers made life more complex and streesful?
12. In your opinion, is daily homework necessary for students?

13. If you could study a subject that you have never had the opportunity to study in the past, what would you choose?

14. If you were an employer, which kind of worker would you prefer to hire: An experienced worker at a high salary or an inexperienced worker at a lower salary?

Factors to consider: Size of the company, position to be filled, employee's skills, advantage and disadvantage of both, what field of business... Don't forget that hiring period required so much money and time.

15. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

"Giving grades (marks) encourages students to learn." In your circles of friend, use specific reasons and examples to explain your opinion.)

Adjective Clauses - Objective Clauses

The letter that Bill wrote made karen feel sad.
The students who did very well on the test went home early.
The man whose son came in third place was very disappointed.
Mrs. Grady didn't agree with the speaker that supported building a shopping mall.
The car Maria bought has good gas mileage.
The employees who work for Smith Corporation are very worried.
The Employees whose jobs are in danger are very worried.
The computer graphics program that Peter bought is easy to use.
She was sad to see that the place where she used to climb trees was not longer there.
Michael get a %40 discount on the boos that he uses the internet to buy.
Robert always complaints to the neighbor whose children step on his flowers and ride bikes on his lawn.

I like the person who gave me this present.
He visit his friend whon you saw yesterday.
I am going to bring the glass which has a toy in it.
I put on the dress that has flowers on it.
This poet, wich is composed of four stanzas, is written by Willian Shakespare.

Pronunciation

1. look at the DEsert.
2. look at the desSERT.
3. He gave me a MESsage.
4. He gave me a masSAGE.
5. What did you think of the COmedy?
6. What did you think of the comMITtee?
7. He lives in a JEEP now.
8. He lives in Egypt now.
9. I'm taking an ARabic class.
10. I'm taking an aeRObics class.
11. My aunt lives in MISery.
12. My aunt lives in MisSOUri.

Pronouncing Regular Verbs

/t/ After unvoiced consonents

c (e) pronounced k - walked, cooked, wicked, naked, crooked, jumped, hoped, hopped

ch - watched

gh (f) coughed, laughed

f - stuffed

s - nursed

sh - washed

ss - messed up, dressed

th - clothed

x - faxed

/d/ After vowel sounds and voiced consonants

a - sprayed

e - agreed

i - fried

o - echoed

u - cued up

b - grabbed a bite

g - clogged, drugged, blogged, mugged

l - e-mailed

m - blamed

n - listened

r - answered

v - shaved, lived

w - followed, slowed up, widowed

y - studied, married, carried

z - buzzed, quizzed, pleased, accused, refused

employed, awed, admired, amazed

/ıd/ after words that end d or t

folded

paraded

needed

graded

recorded

painted

printed

voted

noted

waited

committed

completed

j - jed

q - qed

Bad Listening Habits

1. Being distracted by the speaker's appearance and delivery
2. Deciding the topic is boring.
3. Faking attention.
4. Looking for distractions.
5. Consantrading on unimportant details.
6. Reacting emotionally to trigger words.

Don't tune out. Don't drift off. Don't wing it. :))

Idioms

eat out - eating in a restaurant

grab a bite

take out - to go, carry out

junk food -

eat up - eat completely

gobble up - eat quickly

leftover -

doggy bag - Can I take this home?

pot luck - different food brought by people

pot party - mariguana party

pig out - eat like a pig ( I pigged out on cookies.)

stuff one's face ( I stuffed my face with cookies.)

wolf down - eat or drink very rapidly, quickly

gulp down - drink quickly

have a sweet tooth

What tickles your funny bone? - What makes you laugh?

Conversation Questions

1. Have you ever had to weather the storm?
2. Are you able to save money for a rainy day? Why or Why not?
3. When you feel under the weather, how do you take care of yourself?
4. Have you ever had a fair-weather friend?
5. Is there anything about the English language that's a breeze for you?

Top Food Idioms

a piece of cake (as easy as pie) - easy, a breeze

as merican as apple pie - very American, typical American

(Basebal is as American as apple pie.)

a smart cookie - intelligent

a tough cookie - a strong person

a lemon - defective product (used for electronic appliance, used cars...)

to be in a pickle ( to be in a jam) - you're in trouble

(I was in a pickle on my firstday at the work.)

go bananas (go nuts) - I am going crazy.

to be a nut - They are nuts (crazy people)

to be fishy - suspicious

fishy situations, no good explanation about situations

(Electronic voting is extremly fishy.)

to hear something through the grapevine

(I heard it through the grapevine. She's leaving but she didn't tell us.)

cup of tea - It's not my cup of tea. It's not my thing. It's not for me.

sour face - That woman has sour face.

Presentation Tips

1. Warm up your voice before speaking
2. Walk up to the front confidently even if you don't feel it.
3. Sand up straight and avoid distracting behavior.
4. Don't use disclaimers or apologies.
5. Don't read your speech altough it's ok to use indexcards and glance at them.
6. Look at your audience.
7. Don't use fillers like "uh" or "ummm".

Some notes taken in the class

no strings (attached) - having no spacial conditions or limits on an agreement, relationship et.

get down to brass tacks - to begin to most important work or business; to start talking about the most important details or facts.

not to be out of the woods yet - used to say that there are likely to be more difficulties before things improve.

to get your second wind - to feel less tired than before, especially when playing a prost, doing physical work etc.

to beat the band - in large amonuts or wih great force.

to drum up something - to obtain something by asking a lot of people for help, information at.

music to someone's ears - something that makes you very happy or pleased; usually sometihg that you hear

to blow your own horn - to praise yourself for your own achievements

to blow the whistle on someone - to tell someone in authority about something wrong that is happening

for a song - very cheaply

a song and dance - an explanation or excuse that is too long and complicated.

to face the music - to accept criticism or punishment for something you have done

to change one's tune - to start expressing a different attitude and reacting in a different way after something has happened.

straight from the horse's mouth - exactly the person / directly

bend over backwards - try very hard to do something

eating someone - bothering you - what is eating you lately? What has been eating (upseting, disturbing, worrying) you lately?

kick the bucket - to die, pass away

pull someone's leg - make a joke / You're pulling my leg. (You're fooling me. You're kidding.)

smell a rat - something strange, bad, wrong, fishy

jump down someone's throat - angry

dead as a door nail - doesn't work

cold turkey - right away, immediately

blowing smoke - angry

a back handed compliment - compliment that is not true, putting down somebody

break a leg - good luck

brand spanking new - something new

bust your balls - giving him hard time

to chew the fat - talk about but not important

for the birds - That was for the birds. (It doesn't appeal to me. That wasn't interesting.)

go to the dogs - mess up, very bad condition

drive someone up a wall - send them over the edge

Phrasal verbs-2

brush up
Frank is going to Peru next month, so he's brushing up his Spanish.
come in/into
Welcome to my house. Please come in.
David's plane hasn't come in yet.
The manager is angry at linda because she comes in late every day.
I couldn't buy that new book because it hasn't come in yet.
I always take a sewing kit when I travel. It comes in handy when a button falls off.
cut back (on)
I am against cutting back spending on education.
You're getting fatter. Maybe you should cut back on sweets.
Noun: The workers are worried about their jobs because of cutbacks in military spending.
move in/into (with)
The landlord said we could move right in if we want to.
Moving all this furniture into a fifth floor apartment is going to be hard.
My mother might move in with my brother.
move out
could you help me move out? I have to leave by the end of the month.
move...out (of)
The store had a sale to try to move some merchandise out of the warehouse.
pull out (of)
The accident happened when the car pulled out of the parking space.
I've reconsidered the deal and decided to pull out.
pull...out (of)
General Johnson pulled all the troops out of the battle.
Noun: General Johnson ordered an immediate pullout.
put...in/into
Please put your clothes in (into) the closet.
We put $10.000 into our saving account.
Jake got put in (into) jail for twenty years.
I put a lot of time into becoming a doctor.
When the check came for dinner, we each put $20 in.
We put central air conditioning into our house.
Margaret was put in charge of the Sales Department.
run out (of)
When I opened the door, the dog ran out.
I don't have any sugar for your coffee. I've run out.
I played poker last night and, for a while, I was ahead by $2,000. Then my luck ran out and I lost it all.
chop...up
Does this meat have to be chopped up?
Adjective: Mix the chopped-up onions and celery with mayonnaise.
cross...off
Crossing my name off the invitation list was a mistake.
Adjective: Here's the shopping list. Don't get the crossed-off stuff - I already did.
fill...up
We always fill the tank up in Indiana because gas is cheaper there.
Don't fill up on candy - you won't have room for dinner.
fill up
The hotels in Rio always fill up at carnival time.
Adjective: These water containers don't feel very heavy. Are you sure they're completely filled up.
pick...up
All this trash has to be picked up.
The travel agent said I could pick the tickets up tomorrow.
I'll pick you up at the airport tomorrow.
I need to pick up some milk on the way home.
Children can pick up a new language very easily.
The teacher started the class by picking up where she left off the week before.
General Johnston's radio transmission was picked up by the enemy.
Marsha picked up some interesting books at the used book store.
Charles was picked up for driving under the influence of alcohol.
Heather's father picked up the whole tab for the wedding.
Let's pick this place up - it's a mess.
Bill picked up someone, and they went to a cheap motel.
pick up
The book starts up slowly, but then it picks up.
Noun: The restaurant uses the back door for pickups.
The taxi driver went to 50 West 23rd Street for a pickup.
The company's profits improved after a pickup in sales.
sell out (of)
The store sold out of the new computer game in two days.
Adjective: I saw the most beautiful shoes but my size was all sold out.
You'll never get a ticket for that concert - it's been sold out for weeks.
straighten...out
My elbow is so swollen that I can't straighten my arm out.
My travel agent booked me into the hotel for the wrong day, but the manager straightened everything out.
I'm totally confused about what I'm supposed to do. Can you straighten me out.
Adjective: Erik was upset with Dan but they had a long talk and now everything is straightened out.
ask...out
Tom asked Judy out to the movies.
come down to
Learning a language comes down to practice, practice, practice.
deal with
There are many problems, but I can only deal with one at a time.
The governer's speech dealt with the rising crime rate.
hold on (to)
When the horse jumped over the fence, I held on as hard as I could.
We were holding on to each other when the hurricane came.
Can you hold on a little longer. I'll be right with you.
pay back (for)
Can you lend me $200 until Friday when I'll have the money to pay you back.
Jack shot Henry to pay him back for turning him in to the police.
take...up on
My brother has often invited us to visit him and last week we took him up on his offer.
turn...around
Someone called my name and I turned around to see who it was.
Turning the money-losing company around is going to take several years.
Noun: We won the game in a last minute turnaround.
wear...out
The carpet in the hallway wore out and we ha to replace it.
Babysitting for his grandchildren really wore Fred out.
Adjective: I need new running shoes; these are totally worn-out.
I have to sit down and rest for a while: I'm completely worn-out.
come from
Mike comes from Alaska.
Jane came from California for the wedding.
The word "admirol" comes from an Arabic word.
figure...out
I couldn't figure out where I put my keys.
give...back
Tommy, give that toy back to your sister right away.
look for
I looked for you at the party, but I didn't see you.
put...on
I put on my new dress today. Tom forgot to put suntan lotion on.
I put the book on the table.
The Wilsons put a new roof on their house last year.
Mike has put on so much weight that I didn't recognize him.
The club put on a show to raise money for the party.
You won the lottery? You're putting me on!
Noun: He didn't really win the lottery. It was all a big put-on for his girlfriend.
run into
I was run into by a drunk driver.
We ran into Karen and her fiance in the supermarket yesterday.
Jane ran into lost of problems at work today.
If you fixed everything on that old car, it would run into lots of money.
show up
More than a hundred people showed up for the concert.
It's hard to photograph polar bears because they don't show up well against the snow.
take...off
I took my shoes off because I didn't want to get mud on the carpet.
I took the book off the table.
Alonso always takes the skin off the chicken before he cooks it.
I have to take tomorrow off from work to go to the doctor.
The car dealer took $2,000 off the list price.
take off
Our plane took off an hour late because of the snow.
If this business takes off, we could make a lot of money.
This party's boring - let's take off.
Noun: The takeoff was delayed because of the snow.
blow...off
Bob had a hangover, so he blew off helping Marsha fix her car.
burst out
When Sam heard the news, he burst out laughing.
come back
I'm never coming back to this awful place again.
Senator Doolittle lost in 1988, but he came back to win in 1994.
I need to see a doctor. The pain in my shoulder has come back.
Miniskirts are coming back this year.
Noun: The Mets were down by four runs but won the game by three - What a comeback!
Health officials are afraid that tuberculosis is making a comeback.
I saved my wide neckties because I knew they'd make a comeback some day.
get off on
Mountain climbing is what I get off on.
go away
Mark went away not realizing he had left the light on.
We always go away for a few weeks in the winter.
Jane didn't go away to school; she went to college near home.
I have a pain in my back that never goes away.
bring...up
Would you please bring a glass of wine up to my office for me?
We were having a great time until you brought the subject of money up.
I was brought up to believe in honesty and compassion.
run around
The cat ran around the room chasing the mouse.
The woman was running around the store, looking for her lost child.
Noun: Why didn't you just tel the truth instead of giving me the runaround.
stick with
I don't like computers; I'll stick with writing letters by hand.
My mother has stuck with the same soap for forty years.
It will be very crowded at teh street fair, so stick with me so you don't get lost.
stick...with
I'm sorry to stick you with all this work, but you're the only one who can do it.
break out (of)
Bubba broke out of prison last month; the police have been looking for him ever since.
Rioting broke out after the general cancelled the election.
Noun: There hasn't been a successful breakout from the state prison in 25 years.
catch up (with) (on)
We left before Luke but he drove faster and caught up with us.
Let's call Mitch so we can catch up on the latest news.
Adjective: Now that I've read the newspapers I missed while I was on vacation, I'm all caught up.
chicken out (of)
I was going to ask Amy to the dance but I chickened out.
get along (with)
I haven't gotten along with my neighbors for years.
How are you getting along with your paper for the history class.
give up (on)
This job is impossible. I give up.
give...up
When the robbers realized they were surrounded, they gave up.
My father didn't give skydiving up until he was 82.
hang up (on)
I was so mad when he swore at me that I hung up.
hang...up
When I get home, the first thing I do is hang my coat up.
Adjective: Tommy, why aren't your clothes hung up?
hook...up (to)
I hooked my sound system up to my TV.
hook up
After work, let's hook up at the restaurant on the corner.
Noun: The cable TV hookup usually costs $20, but it is free this month.
work up (to)
When he started lifting weights, he couldn't lift much but now he's worked up to 250 pounds.
work up
It took me a long time to work up the nerve to ask my boss for a raise.
Adjective: Mark has been acting nervous all day. What's he so worked up about?
get back (to)
We left three weeks ago and only got back yesterday.
Get back from the edge of the cliff. You might fall.
get...back
I have to get these books back to the library - they've overdue.
I couldn't believe I got my stolen car back.
get behind
I was sick last week so I got behind in my work.
get by
With all that junk in the hallway, it's hard for people to get by.
It's not easy getting by on $250 a week.
I have a great editor; not many mistake get by her.
get down (to)
The first thing I did when I got down to Miami was go to the beach.
When the enemy started shooting, the sergeant told us to get down.
get...down
When you put the dishes on the top shelf, I can't get them down.
Jim's marriage problems are really getting him down.
get in/into
Get into the car right this minute!
I'm eshausted. I got in really late last night.
get...in/into
We'll never get into that club, we don't know the right people.
These shoes are too small - I can't get my feet in.
Susie got into a lot of trouble at school today.
I wanted to buy that book but the bookstore hasn't gotten it in yet.
Dinner isn't until 7:30, so we have time to get a game of tennis in.
get out (of) (to)
We smelled gas and got out of the building just before it exploded.
I love the city. I almsot never get out to the country anymore.
There was a huge scandal after the news got out.
You work too hard; you should get out more.
get...out (of)
After Hank was arrested, his lawyer got him out of jail.
Mother's coming for dinner, so let's get the good china out.
Do you think bleach will get the wine stain out of my blouse?
You got me into this mess; now you can get me out.
get over (to)
Susie, get over here and clean up this mess right away!
I've had a bad cold for a week and I still haven't gotten over it.
I can't get over seeing my ex-wife with her new husband.
get up (to)
I haven't gotte up to my brother's house in Canada for years.
After he hit me, I got right up and hit him back.
get...up
I don't usually get up until 11:00 on weekends.
break in/into
A thief broke in and stole my TV. A thief broke into my house.
break...in
I have a blister on my foot because I haven't broken my shoes in yet.
Noun: The police are trying to solve the break-in at the liquor store.
Adjective: My new secretary makes lots of mistakes because she isn't broken in yet.
check in/into
Jim checked into the hotel when he arrived in Denver.
John has to check in with his parole officer every month or go back to jail.
check...in
You should check in at least two hours before your flight.
That bag is too big to carry on - you'll have to check it in.
check out (of)
Mrs. Garcia checked out of her hotel and went to the airport.
The supermarket line is very long. It's going to take forever to check out.
check...out
That new Mexican restaurant is great - you should check it out.
Applicants for child care should be thoroughly checked out.
Adjective: We're checked out; now, let's go to the airport.
Noun: We can sleep late tomorrow. Checkout time isn't until 11:00.
You get the fruit; I'll get the meat. We'll meet at the checkout counter.
go in/into
Frank went into the kitchen to get a cup of coffee.
That dish goes in the cabinet over the sink.
The National Guard was ordered to go in and stop the riot.
let...in/into
When the guests arrived, I opened the door and let them in.
The hole in the screen is letting the mosquitoes into the house.
plug...in/into
This phone isn't broken; you just forgot to plug it in.
Adjective: The iron is hot; it's plugged in.
sneak in/into
When I was a kid, I used to sneak into the movie theater through the emergencey exit.
sneak out (of)
Susie's father told her to stay in her room, but she sneaked out throught the window.

Pronunciation Practice

Tricky words: Practice saying these sentence:

1. When I hurt my leg it was tought for me to walk throught the park.
2. Bob made a thorough investigation, though Dan did not.
3. It's hard to find water in his desert.
4. I cannot find a pint of water in this desert for the dessert recipe.
5. The architect says that a good photographer would never desert you.
6. I like cake for dessert.
7. We need to examine the legal issues more closely.
8. You should determine the insuance law about building damage.
9. This TV show is live every Tuesday.
10. She plans to live in Los Angeles.
11. Every day I read. Last year I read100 books.
12. According to this label, the parts in this radio are not typical.

Say these sentences and watch the "-ed" endings:

1. I washed the car and then walked to her house and waited for her.
2. The thief kicked the door open and stuffed his bag full of the money he robbed.
3. While he used the ladder she pushed it down and it crashed.
4. When we were married, I watched her write the book before it was published.

Practice these sentences. Remember, "-it" not "-ate"!

1. It's more appropriate to be accurate than approximate!
2. The warm climate has melted my delicate chocolate.
3. I am desperate to get adequate drinks for my elaborate party!
4. How fortunate that you and she are so intimate!
5. We need an immediate solution to this private matter.

(Intonation) Make sure it is rising and falling where it needs to:

1. Are you coming with us?
2. Is this really the book you wanted?
3. Where is the nearest library?
4. How did you know that Sara and John were also coming?
5. I plan to go to New York, travel around the U.S., and come back home next month.
6. You should buy fruit, vegetables, and chicken sometime today.

Make sure the vowel sounds are different in the bold words:

1. That ship is carrying ten sheep.
2. Marry is the woman with the green dress and the big grin.
3. There's no heat coming out of that heater - can you hit it?
4. Please sit down in your seat!
5. If I can reach the gold in that pit I'll be rich.
6. She cut her heel walking up the hill.
7. Please leave me alone to live in peace!

SILENT LETTERS - Practice these words and be careful of the silent letter:

doubt - debt - subtle - comb - dumb - lamb - plumber - half - talk - February - island -

walk - salmon - chalk - herb - honest - honor - hour - castle - whistle - fasten - soften -

Christmas - receipt - cupboard - sword - answer - column -listen - knee- wrap - psychology

There are three ways to pronounce the "oo" sound in English - practice:

1. The rain flooded the pool!
2. Why did you choose that book?
3. That's good amount of blood.
4. Let me put the boot on my foot.
5. Look at that cool hood!
6. She shook the food of the spoon.

Practice the "L" and "R" sounds here:

1. Larry is collecting the papers, and Tom is correcting them.
2. The children are playing in the yard; their parents are praying in church.
3. Bill is in the police and his brother is a priest.
4. My former boss was very formal.
5. Tel the truth - did you hurt his feeling?
6. How did he arrive - dead or alive?
7. Your present was very pleasant!

Pronunciation Pairs

English pronunciation is so crazy that it sometimes even trips up native-speakers. Two words can have the same spelling but different pronunciation depending on the meaning.

1. We polish the Polish furniture every day.
2. I shed a tear when I saw the tear in my clothes.
3. A farm can produce very fresh produce.
4. The dump was so full it had to refuse the refuse.
5. The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.
6. The present is a good time to present the present.
7. At the Arm base, a bass was painted on the head of a bass drum.
8. Scared by the gunshot, the dove dove into the bushes.
9. I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.
10. The insurance for the invalid was invalid.
11. The bandage was wound around the wound.
12. They were too close to the door to close it.
13. The wind was too strong to wind the sail.
14. After a number of Novocain injections, my jaw got number.
15. I spent all evening evening out a pile of dirt.
16. He could lead if he would get the lead out.
17. I did not object to the object.
18. There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row.
19. The buck does funny thins when the does are present.
20. A seamstress and a sewer fell down into a sewer line.
21. To help with planting, the farmer taught his sow to sow.
22. How can I intimate this to my most intimate friend?

Check pronunciation of contrasting sounds. Repeat each pair as often as necessary.

1. sheep/ship
2. tin/ten
3. bet/bat
4. bet/bait
5. bat/bad
6. cat/cut
7. cat/cart
8. cart/curt
9. cut/curt
10. look/loop
11. cart/caught
12. caught/coat
13. caught/curt
14. coat/cot
15. air/"A"
16. darling/dialing
17. tail/toil
18. tail/tell
19. tail/tile
20. hour/are

NEVER FORGET

KN- When a K is before an N, the K is always silent (know, knee, knife, etc.)

PN- When a P is before an N, the P is always silent (pneumonia, pneumatic)

WR- When a W is before an R, the W is always silent (write, wrong, wrap, etc.)

PS- When a P is before an S, the P is always silent (psyshology, pseudo, psychicatrist, etc.)

E - When an English word has an "e" at the end, it is almost a silent "e" (ate, compare, magazine, indusrialize etc.)

There is a much smaller group of English words where the final "e" is pronounced:

recipe, posse, acne, catastrophe, apostrophe, aborigine, simile, epitome, psyche

Also some words which are borrowed from French, Italian and Spanish:

café, olé, sauté, soufflé

Dictionary

Reading 1 - No Speak English

Mamacita is the big mama of the man across the street, third-floor front. Rachel says her name ought to be Mamasota, but I thingk that's mean.

The man saved his money to bring her here. He saved and saved because she was alone with the baby boy in that country. He worked two jobs. He came home late and he left early every. Every day.

Then one day Mamacita and the baby boy arrived in yellow taxi. The tax door opened like a waiter's arm. Out stepped a tiny pink shoe, a foot soft as a rabbit's ear, then the thick ankle, a flutter of hips, fuchsia roses and green perfume. The man had to pull her, the taxi driver had to push. Push, pull. Push, pull. Poof!

All at once she bloomed. Huge, enormous, beautiful to look at, from the salmon-pink feather on the tip of her hat down to the little rosebuds of her toes. I couldn't take my eyes off her tiny shoes.

Up, up, up the stairs she went with the baby boy in a blue blanket, the man carrying her suitcases, her lavender hatboxes, a dozen of satin high heels. Then we didn't see her.

Somebody said it's becaues she's too fat, somebody because of the three flights of stairs, but I believe she doesn't come out because she is afraid to speak English, and maybe this is so since she only knows eight words. She knows to say: He not here for when the landlord comes. No speak English if anybody else comes, and Holy smokes. I don't know where she learned this, but I heard her say it one time and it surprised me.

My father says wen he came to this country he ate hamandeggs for three months. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Hamandeggs. That was the only word he knew. He doesn't eat hamandeggs anymore.

Whatever her reasons, whether she is fat, or can't climb the stairs, or is afraid of English, she won't come down. She sits all day by the window and plays the Spanish radio show and sings all the homesick songs about her country in a voice that sounds like a seagull.

Home. Home. Home is a house in a photograph, a pink house, pink as hollyhocks with lots of startled light. The man paints the walls of the apartment pink, but it's not the same you know. She still sighs for her pink house, and then I think she cries. I would.

Sometimes the man gets disgusted. He starts screaming and you can hear it all the way down the street.

Ay, she says, she is sad.

Oh, he says, not again.

Cuando, Cuando, cuando? she asks.

Ay, Caray! We are home. This is home. Here I am and here I stay. Speak English. Speak English. Christ!

Ay! Mamacita, who does not belong, every once in a while lets out a cry, hysterical, high, as if he had torn the only skinny thread that kept her alive, the only road out to that country.

And then to break her heart forever, the baby boy who has begun to talk, starts to sing the Pepsi commercial he heard on TV.

No speak English, she says, to the child who is singing in the language that sounds like tin. No speak English, no speak English, and bubbles into tears. No, no, no as if she can't believe her ears.

Vocabulary Exercise 2

Vocabulary Exercise 2 » Create Flachards
Tags : vocabulary

Ow! That Smarts!

At one time or another, most of us have been hurt. Maybe we fell off a bike, walked into a wall, had surgery, got beat up by a bully or had a car accident.

Let's get with a partmer and share some of those painful memories.

Have you ever.....

• been bitten by an animal?
• been stung or bitten by an insect?
• fallen down a flight of stairs?
• tripped while going up the stairs?
• been in a car accident?
• been hit by a falling object?
• almost drowned?
• burned yourself by accident?
• had food poisoning?
• gotten a paper cut?
• gotten lost in the woods?
• slammed your finger in a door?
• twisted your ankle?
• gotten shocked by an electrical appliance?
• locked yourself in or out of something?
• had surgery?
• fallen off a bicycle or a motorcycle?
• dropped something on your foot?
• gotten stitches?
• smacked your head on a door?
• beat someone up?
• been beaten up by a bully?
• knocked a tooth out?
• gotten a splinter?
• fallen out of a tree or from a high place?
• stepped on a rusty nail or a piece of glass?

psych exam 3

psych exam 3 » Create Flashcards

Idioms

take heart

to feel encouraged or have more hope; to not give up.

I know your girlfriend just left you, but take heart. There are lots of single women in Manhattan. You'll meet someone else.

from the bottom of someone's heart

used to show that you are very grateful or sincere about what you are saying.

The woman thanked the firemen from the bottom of her heart after they saved her children from the fire.

not to have the heart to do something

to be unable to do something because you do not want to make someone unhappy.

I didn't have the heart to tell my daughter we couldn't keep the pupy she found in the street.

to wear your heart on your sleeve

to show your true feelings openly.

I saw her crying at the meeting yesterday. She's always wearing her heart on her sleeve.

eat your heart out

used to tell someone that you are betten than them at something.

Barack Obama won the primary elections this weekened. Eat your heart out Hillary Clinton.

to dance your heart out

to sing, dance etc. with ll your energy.

The singer really wanted to impress the judges on American Idol so she sang her heart out.

to kiss something goodbye

used when you think it is certain that someone will lose their chance of getting or doing

something.

After insulting the boss like that, I guess you can kiss your promotion goodbye.

to have a heart of gold

someone is good and kind although they may not appear to be.

Tom looks like a tough guy, but he realy has a heart of gold. He is so friendly and will hep anyone.

to kiss up to someone

to try to please or impress someone in ordet to get them to do something for you.

You can tell by the way Sally has been kissing up to the boss that she wants a raise.

to have one's heart in the right place

to have a very nice and generous character.

The teacher seems very strict, but her heart is in the right place. She is very understanding of the student's problems.

labor of love

something that is hard work, but that you do because you want to very much, or enjoy.

Studying English is a labor of love for many stuents at the International Center. It's a lot of work, but they want to do it to improve their English.

somebody's heart isn't in it

used to say that someone does not really want to do something or does not care about what they are doing.

She was doing the best she could, but her heart just isn't in it. I don't think shereally wants to work here anymore.

cross my heart (and hope to die)

used to say that you promise that you will do something or that what you are saying is true.

I swear, I did not take your pen. Cross my heart and hope to die.

to do something till your heart's content

to do something as much as you want to.

I know you like to study English,so feel free to study these idioms till your heart's content.

head over heels in love

to love someone very much

Sam is so happy and obviously head over heels in love with his new bride.

not for love nor money

something that is impossible to obtain or do.

I have been looking everywhere for that book. I can't find it for love nor money.

Vocabulary Exercise 1

1. Since Robert broke his leg, he needs __________ to walk.

a) scars b)crutches c) energy

2. The old man could not stand up. His legs __________ under him.

a) collapsed b) despaired c)soared

3. Mother Teresa felt __________ for the poor who lived and died in the streets. She tried to help them.

a) perseverance b) scars c)compassion

4. I like to watch the birds fly in the sky. They __________ above the buildings.

a) jump b) soar c) collapse

5. She finally realized that life colud be satisfying in a wheelchair. Until that __________ she had felt her life was hopeless.

a) dream b)revelation c)scar

6. Learning to walk again after the accident took great __________.

a) limitation b) crutches c) perseverance

7. After many years of working to __________ his disability. Paul could finally live independently.

a) overcome b) mangle c) relax

8. The trail had big rocks and large holes. It was not an easy __________ for a person in a wheelchair.

a) landscape b)revelation c) stairway

9. Life is a great adventure. You never know what it __________.

a) will turn around b) has in store for you c)will overcome

10. He quickly understood the __________ of using a wheelchair. He could not climb stairs or enter narrow doorways.

a) compassion b) limitation c) revelation

1.b 2.a 3.c 4.b 5.b 6.c 7.a 8.c 9.b 10.b

Phrasal verbs - 1

do...over

This is all wrong. I'll have to do it all over.

float around

The new schedule was flaoting around the office yesterday.

There's rumor floating around that the factory will be closing.

lead up to

Several minor battles led up to a full-scale war.

The President led up to the announcement of his candidacy by recalling the accomplisments of his first term.

put...up to

I didn't think it was a good idea to ask for a raise, but my wife put me up to it.

stand for

The "DC" in Washington, DC stands for District of Columbia.

The flag stands for freedom.

Cruelty to animals is something I will never stand for.

stick around

Why don't you stick around until Sarah gets here; she'd love to see you.

stick to

I used the wrong glue and the tiles didn't stick to the floor.

The teacher told me to redo the paper and, this time, to stick to the point.

After the audition, the director told me I was terrible actor and I should stick to singing.

stick...to

Sam thinks the new manager is an idiot and he likes to stick it to him.

take...back

Do you usually take the shopping carts back after you put the groceries in the car?

I have to take these pants back because the zipper's broken.

The lady who sold me the rug said she would be happy to take it back if I changed my mind.

I have to take these books back to the library today or I'll have to pay a fine.

Mike got sick again, so we took him back to the hospital.

I'm sorry, that was very rude of me. I take it back.

Looking through my high school yearbook sure takes me back.

brush...off

The reporters tried to ask the mayor some questions, but he just brushed them off.

I told Dr. Smith that he had made a mistake, but he brushed it off.

Noun: The boss gave me the brush-off when I tried to give him advice.

come on

It was so cold that the heat came on last night.

Do you know what time the news comes on?

Come on! I can't wait all night.

Tom didn't study at all and he says he got 100 on the test. Oh, come on!

I feel a headache coming on. Do you have any aspirin?

Paul comes on too strong and women don't like it.

I can't stand that guy, Ned. He's always coming on to me.

Noun: Todd uses the same come-on with all the girls and it never works.

The bank is offering a free VCR as a come-on for opening an account.

cover...up

I covered the cake up so the bugs wont't get onto it.

The mayor was accused of covering up his ties to organized crime.

Noun: The mayor denied being part of a cover-up and claimed he was innocent.

hang out

I don't have any place to go. Can I hang out here for a while.

Noun: The police closed the bar because it was a hangout for crooks and gang members.

leave over

I paid all my billse and I only had $17 left over.

Adjective: You can have leftover pasta for lunch tomorrow.

Noun: I don't like having leftovers for dinner all the time.

let...down

My friend promised to go shopping with me but she let me down.

Adjective: You broke your promise to stop smoking. I feel really let down.

Noun: The movie was a letdown. I expected it to be terrific.

pay...off

It takes thirty years to pay a mortgage off.

The politicion tried to cover up the crime by paying off the witnesses.

pay off

Medical school is a lot of hard work but it'll pay off someday.

Noun: The police chief was videotaped taking a payoff.

Linda does volunteer work. The payoff is the satisfaction she gets.

talk to

I don't like Bob because he talks to me as if I were an idiot.

Noun: I gave my son a good talking-to about not doing his homework.

keep at

I know this work is difficult; but you have to keep at it.

keep away

That's very bad neighborhood, so keep away from it.

keep...away

Paul has an alcohol problem, so keep him away from the bar.

keep...down

The company tried to keep its prices down.

Will you please keep it down; I'm trying to study.

keep from

The movie was so sad that I couldn't keep from crying.

keep...from

Jane's parents don't like her boyfriend, so they try to keep her from seeing him.

keep...off

The sigh says, "Keep off the grass."

Ned is a nice guy as long as you can keep him off booze.

keep on

I told her to be quiet but she kept right on talking.

keep...on

The company has decided to keep twenty workers on to maintain the machinery until business picks up again.

keep...to

This is a secret so keep it to yourself.

Here's my credit card but keep your spending to a minimum.

keep to

Slower cars are supposed to keep to the right.

keep...up

I told you to stop doing that. If you keep it up, I'm going to get really angry.

That noisy party across the hall kept me up all night.

keep up (with)

The assembly line was going so fast that no one could keep up.

Bob walks so fast it's had to keep up with him.

Jane always has some new idea. I can't keep up with her.

break down

This car is a piece of junk - it breaks down every day.

After that last break down, I decided to buy a new car.

The negotiations broke down because neither side would compromise.

Because niether side would compromise, there was a breakdown in negotiations.

When Tom's father died, he broke down in tears.

Marvin ha a complete nervous breakdown, after the tragedy.

After the poison breaks down, it is quite harmless.

break...down

If you break the process down, it isn't difficult to understand.

The police broke the door down and arrested the criminals.

burn...down

The owner of the factory was arrested for deliberately burning the factory down.

call...in

Sally got fired after she called in sick three Fridays in a row.

When the police couldn't handle the riot, the governor called in the National Guard.

find...out

Look in the newspaper and find out when the movie starts.

I tried to get the movie time, but I couldn't find it out.

I met a nice guy at the party, but I never found out what his name was.

I was surprise to find out that he can speak fourteen languages.

hand...back

The teacher will hand the tests back tomorrow.

look at

Look at me when I talk to you!

The mechanic looked at my car, but he couldn't find anything wrong with it.

The way I look at it, the governor is the cause of the problem.

That was a serious injury. You're looking at months of physical therapy.

pile...up

The plow piles the snow up when it's deep.

A lot of dirty laundry is piled up in the basement.

My work really piled up while I was on vacation.

set...up

Be sure you set the tent up before it gets dark.

Are the tables set up for the party?

The nurse prepares setups for the operating room.

The arrangements for the wedding were complicated, but everything is set up now.

What's the setup for the Fourth of July?

Joe tried to set me up by leaving drugs in my apartment. I told the detective, it was a setup and I could prove it.

feel up to

I don't feel up to dancing tonight.

get...over with

Let's fix both cavities today, doctor. I just want to get it over with.

go along with

I understand your concern, but I have to go along with Maria on this one.

I don't care what the boss says. I'm not going along with any changes that mean longer hours for less money.

go in for

Brian realy goes in for football.

put up with

My husband says he's put up with my brother's lies long enough.

screw...out of

That con man screwed me out of my life savings.

talk down to

I was furious about the way he talked down to me.

cheat on

The teacher caught Ali cheating on the test.

Sarah filed for divorce after she caught George cheating on her.

go after

The police are going after drug deales.

Captain Morgan was ordered to go after the enemy soldiers.

The CEO said he wanted to go after the Chinese market.

Sofia went after a degree in accounting.

look...up

Business was pretty bad, but things are beginning to look up.

The student looked the new words up in the dictionary.

If you're ever in Chicago, please look me up.

pay...for

Can I pay for this stuff with a credit card?

My car is old, but at least it is paid for.

If you don't study now, you'll pay for it when exam time comes.

plan for

It's never too early to start planning for retirement.

put...to

Thank for helping me. I'm sorry I put you to so much trouble.

When he put a gun to my head, I realized he was serious.

When the doctor put it to me like that, I finally understood him.

wrap...up

The movers will wrap up the chine with newspaper.

After the meeting had gone on for two hours, they finally wrapped it up.

point to

The waitress couldn't understand me, so I pointed to what I wanted on the menu.

The terrible test scores point to the flaws in our educational system.